Portfolio Valuation

Questions: Think about offers in two organizations, JAY and KAY, as follows: Anticipated Return E(R) Standard Deviation s Connection Coefficient r Offer JAY 12% 18% 0.3 Offer KAY 24% 32% a) Calculate the covariance between Share JAY and KAY returns. b) What is the normal return and standard deviation of profits on a portfolio including 35% in Share JAY and 65% in Share KAY? c) If you needed to make a portfolio comprising just of these two offers, what amount would you have to contribute (loads) in each offer with the goal that your portfolio return would be equivalent to 15.6%? Note: don't adjust. d) Using the loads determined to a limited extent c), figure the fluctuation and standard deviation of your portfolio. Answers: a) We know, = - 0.3 x = 0.18 y= 0.32 = cov/x * y Accordingly cov = - 0.3* .18* 0.32 = - 0.01728 b) Expected return = w* R = 0.35* 12% + 0.65* 24% = 19.8 Standard deviation = (wi * wj * I * j * cov(i,j) ) ^ 0.5 = 20.8 c) Give speculation access Jay be x In this way interest in Kay will be (1-x) Expected return = w* R = x* 12% + (1-x)* 24% 15.6 = 12x +24 - 24x X = 0.7 In this manner interest in Jay = 70% d) Difference = wi * wj * I * j * cov(i,j) = 214.632 Standard deviation = (wi * wj * I * j * cov(i,j) ) ^ 0.5 = 14.65. References Return, Risk And The Security Market Line - Expected Return, Variance And Standard Deviation Of A Portfolio. Propelled Bond Concepts: Bond Pricing. Profit Discount Model DDM.

The firm essays

The firm expositions It was The Firm that earned him notoriety and acknowledgment and the book was an moment smash hit (John Grisham, np). The story and the plot were so charming that the Paramount Pictures purchased the book rights to be turned into a film and we saw Tom Cruise in the most remarkable and dynamic job. Be that as it may, the Tom Cruise was by all account not the only explanation that made the film a victory. The Firm, in spite of having minor mistakes, similar to the change of the job of Abbey and the visual impairment of the hero to perceive or smell mafia association with the law office where in he was named, accommodates an exceptionally fascinating and captivating story for the perusers that they discovered it difficult to put it down before wrapping up. This paper along these lines portrays the account of the book, the plot and the unique components of enthusiasm for connection to the proposition proclamation of this report. A short time later, in the end I would give my own perspectives about the book, the progress of the characters in the novel and the impacts of these advances on the relative characters and on the perusers. The Firm (1991) is a book about a youthful legal advisor, Mitch McDeere who has as of late moved on from the top most graduate school and is employed by a little law firm in Memphis. He comes to join the law office Bendini, Lambert and Locke what's more, wind up in a circumstance where he neither can get out nor remain in. the book investigates the wrongs and illicit undertakings of the corporate America what's more, is an understanding of how one man aspiration is connected with his own penance, difficult work and aptitude and how that desire is undermined in case spared by the internal still, small voice and estimations of morals and ethical quality. Theory Statement: In his legitimate spine chiller The Firm, John Grisham investigates the unforgiving universe of corporate America, the a disregard for one's own needs to accomplish achievement and status, lastly the inward battle of one's own ethical quality. In this segment I would initially give a rundown of the story and afterward wo... <!

How to Buy Article Review Online and Who Can Help You Write it

How to Buy Article Review Online and Who Can Help You Write it Buy Article Review Online What is a Review Article and Why Students Need Help with it? From time to time students receive a task to write a review on articles in chemistry, physics, philosophy, psychology, or other discipline and they often approach the assignment by asking themselves What is a review article? For many students the task to write an article review can be a challenge, especially if they have never done this before. Thus, they need help, which ranges from using a well-written article review example to hiring an expert who will complete the task for them. Writing an article review is as tiring as it is time-consuming, so for those who want to cope with the assignment fast and receive a good grade, professionals writing services are indispensable. In case you are wondering how some students manage to cope with the backlog of schoolwork and submit a perfect journal article review each time, the answer is obvious they buy article review instead of writing it on their own. If you also would like to manage your time more effectively and enhance your academic performance, you can contact our professional writers and delegate your written assignments to them. Our team consists of experts qualified in different disciplines, so each time you choose our company - you choose papers that are created by some of the best experts in the industry.

Texas AM University Commerce Admissions Data

Pass / Fail By Linda Pastan - 1149 Words

In the poem â€Å"Pass/Fail,† by Linda Pastan, the author speaks of an uncanny feeling of failure always looming. The persons desire to persevere is not enough to actually succeed; for there will always be a task waiting to be failed. The poem has a theme; it is a representation of a life goal that can not be achieved by simply dreaming. It takes initiative and courage to stand up and aim for that goal in life. Although the poem follows a negative prospective of achieving greatness, the writer does specify the ambition that one has will not matter for their perseverance will not be enough to pass the examination destined to fail the dream one tries to achieve. The author seems to disagree with the American dream, an idea that everyone has the opportunity to achieve success with hard work. The fact of the matter is no matter what, people must work for success because success is not achieved without ambition for something greater. Although, Pastan expresses an opposing point of view the perseverance one has is enough to achieve greatness with enough hard work. The writer argues â€Å"No matter how you succeed awake, asleep there is a test waiting to be failed† (2.4.7.2). Although this reference tells of a nightmare, it is not necessarily accurate, because once one is awake and succeeding there is nothing to be failed when asleep. The dream is an illusion not a reality; the reality is what one makes of it. The reality is the ambition to strive for success, once one succeeds in theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of `` By Linda Pastan And The Poem Myth By Natasha Tretheway1870 Words   |  8 Pagesmild depression. Often more than not, individuals confuse the days of unhappiness and the lack of desire to function with the rest of the world with major depression. When analyzing the poem Marks by Linda Pastan and the poem Myth by Natasha Tretheway I notice key features of a depressed individual. Pastan and Tretheway portray each of their characters as a depress ed individual; because they focus so keenly on their unhappiness with their lives, and even suicide. Many people will argue that poetry andRead MoreLinda Patan Poem the Marks2115 Words   |  9 PagesFeminist Theory The poem â€Å"Marks† by Linda Pastan is a short piece that focuses on a housewife’s duties being graded by her family as if it were her homework. The wife is graded by her husband, son and daughter using different three grading systems, each time being told that she could do better, but ends by saying that the family should â€Å"Wait ‘til they learn / I’m dropping out† (10-11). In an interview on â€Å"The Newshour with Jim Lehrer† with Jeffrey Brown in 2003, Pastan said that â€Å"I think I ve alwaysRead MoreTraditional Gender Roles By Linda Pastan962 Words   |  4 Pagesmisogynistic undertones in just about everything. From media to everyday life, it is a plague that runs rampant in the lives of everyone whether or not they realize it. For the sake of this paper, we will analyze these instances in a literary work. Linda Pastan, in her poem Marks, finds that traditional gender roles, denial of subjectivity and instrumentality cause the s peaker to reject her role in her family. Traditional gender roles are any gendered stereotype that makes men or women feel like theyRead MoreSetting Analysis of the Story of an Hour Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding of what is going through her mind and symbolizes her emotions as she mourns and finds peace at the death of her husband . Nathan Valentino English 112 Prof. Tom Flanigan 2/6/13 The Effects of Under Appreciation on a Housewife In Linda Pastan’s poem â€Å"Marks† a woman is speaking about how she feel underappreciated in her family after all the things she does for them. The poem is set up almost as a report card, the things she has to do as a housewife are her subjects, and the responses

American Jewry Order nov 3 Free Essays

In the United States around 1992, American Jewry came into a process of reformation directing toward a consolidation of the Council of Jewish Federations, the United Jewish Appeal, and the United Israel Appeal into the new broad-based organization that could speak in the name of American Jewry in new ways ( Elazar, http://www. jcpa. org/dje/articles3/rwjintro. We will write a custom essay sample on American Jewry Order nov 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now htm). Travel and communications advances facilitated the increasing solidity of the Jewish race across the world. With the progress noted, more and more of its people have connections throughout the Jewish world, or at least across long distances within in it. Gradually more individual Jews, their families and communities relied upon resources in other communities, in the form of religious guidance from Israel or whether it is just for encouragement from the American Jewish experience as measures of intensifying Jewish identity. Even with the overabundance of organizations and organizational activities, a majority of the Jewry seem to be oblivious of them. For most Jews, familiarity of their area community involvements is all they know about structured Jewish life, if that. Nevertheless, an institutional structure has developed and a network of connection more or less involving most of the existing organizations and institutions has been progressing. The Jewish people now have a superior prospect to uphold unity than it has had since the destruction of the First Temple in 586 BCE. Up to this day, American Jewry remains the primary pioneer in the advancement of world polity. They are committed to nation-building, the development of Israel, relief and rescue of Jewish communities in need, fighting anti-semitism, representing collective Jewish interests in world affairs, mobilization of leadership and activists to undertake these and other functions, governance functions in the world Jewish polity, assuring that there are appropriate bodies for the carrying on of the functions, raising funds to cover the costs of these functions, oversight of the organizations and institutions handling the functions, developing appropriate inter-organizational relations both among the authorities that comprise the world Jewish polity and the local, countrywide, regional, and worldwide arenas (Bubis). The National Jewish Population Survey (NJPS) 2000-01, a $6 million study carried out by The United Jewish Communities, is said to provide the most all-inclusive, trustworthy picture of American Jewry to date. Records show that there are 5. 2 million American Jews. This is 5 pe rcent less than the 5. 5 million counted in the 1990 population study. There 4. 3 million American Jews attend Passover seders and light Chanukah candles. This figure also takes account of those more Jewishly devoted — families who maintain kosher homes, regularly join synagogue meetings, enrolled Jewish schools and go to at least one Jewish society. The percentage of intermarriage is growing, but at a stable rate, with 47 percent of today’s Jewish newlyweds marrying non-Jews. The mean Jewish age is 42, in contrast to 35 for Americans in general, and the birthrate was 1. 8, lower than the 1. 9 rate for American women generally. The picture of American Jewry highlighted by the study is multifaceted. On the one hand, the American Jewish population is aging and shrinking, as the birthrate is falling and intermarriage is rising, and most Jews do not take on communal or religious pursuits. On the other hand, a vast majority of American Jews attend a Passover seder and celebrate Chanukah and Jewish education is booming. Jews are more affluent than Americans generally. More 33 percent of Jewish households report an annual income of $75,000 or higher, compared to just 18 percent of U. S. households. The median Jewish household income is $54,000, compared to $42,000 for Americans generally. Speaking about affluence, the world’s richest Jew is Steve Ballmer, a Detroit-born son of a Jewish mother, 43 years old, whose worth is an estimated $25 billion. Steve Ballmer was selected president and chief executive officer of Microsoft Corp. on January 13, 2000. In his position as president and CEO, Ballmer is oversees the entire management of Microsoft. It has been said that the outside terrorization, such as pogroms, coped with by Jews over the centuries act as unifying power. Jews needed each other in order to survive in a Jew-hating world. In line with this idea, the elimination of those external threats has become a factor to assimilation. The more accepting the non-Jewish world has become of Jews, the less Jews have felt they need other Jews and the Jewish community for support and the more Jews have become open to giving up their Jewish ways in an effort to blend with the world around them. Thus, the cost of Jewish living exceeded the value of Jewish living for many 20th century American Jews. While Jewish community efforts to lower costs and increase value have attempted to tip the scales in the other direction, combating the integration of Jews in America, the â€Å"Land of Opportunty†, has been a harsh struggle to win. In an effort to assimilate and minimize threat, the American Jewry of late has developed a system of beliefs wherein it has become a community characterized with an exclusive and normalized behavior that is attributable to a specific people and that is expressed through certain images, symbols, rituals, myths, and other kinds of stories. There developed a sense of pluralism which is defined in their context: having the conviction that more than one religion can instruct truths. To put it strongly, religious pluralism maintains that no specific religion can assert total certainty to teach absolute truth. Within the Jewish population, there is a collective history, a shared expression of prayer and study, a shared Bible and a shared set of rabbinic literature, consequently often providing for Jews of considerably diverse worldviews to nevertheless identify some level of common ideals and purposes. Reference: 1. Bubis,Gerald B. The Costs of Jewish Involvements and barriers. http. //Judaism. about. com. 2. Elazar, Daniel E. Jerusalem Center for Public AffairsI. http://www. jcpa. org/dje/articles2/futureamerjewry. htm. How to cite American Jewry Order nov 3, Papers

Sexual and reproductive health

Introduction Sexual and reproductive health is quite essential in each and every society. Statistics in United States show that out of ten HIV positive adults, eight are men. Gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital warts and Chlamydia among other sexually transmitted ailments are still rampant in the United States. Women still continue to go though so much in terms of reproductive health problems. (Smeeding, 2005, p. 955-983)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual and reproductive health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This clearly shows that sexual and reproductive health needs in United States are still quite high. This paper therefore describes a broad based approach to sexual and reproductive health in United States. It elaborates on the benefits of the approach and its current impact. There is also an elucidation on the difficulties encountered in the approach and how they were dealt with. Finally, the paper describe s the current challenges and actions that might be taken to address them. (Klein, Martin 2008, 295) Description of broad based approach Analysis of sexual reproductive health in U.S shows that poverty reduction approach has been used. This was initiated in the year two thousand and four. The government of United States has specifically put a lot of effort in reduction of poverty. This is considering the fact that poverty was identified to be one of the major factors that highly contributed to poor sexual and reproductive health. (Smeeding, 2005, p. 955-983,) The approach aims at putting in place government funds that have to be channelled to various institutions that help in enhancing sexual reproductive health in the nation. The low income people are also given free education on sexual and reproductive health. This also includes treatment of sexual and reproductive health ailments among this group of people. The United States government also created an account where money for pove rty reduction is kept. This approach was chosen such that education materials and facilities can be used to educate the poor about sexual and reproductive health. This was chosen because the poor people in the society normally lack basic information about sexual and reproductive health. This therefore makes them to be highly vulnerable to sexually transmitted ailments. It was also noted that the poor women and adolescent girls have many reproductive health problems highly caused by inability to access quality healthcare. This approach therefore channels funds to healthcare and educational institutions that help in educating the poor in the society. Healthcare facilities also help to treat the low income people affected by sexual and reproductive problems. This is program is implemented both in the rural and urban areas. (Smeeding, 2005, 955-983)Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Benefits of the approach This approach is highly beneficial in various ways. It highly helps in educating the low income people in the society about sexual and reproductive health. Through this program, many poor people suffering from sexual and reproductive health problems have been really helped. It is a very holistic approach since it does not just look at the curative but also the preventive aspects of sexual and reproductive health. The fact that it deals with both men and women in rural and urban areas makes it highly effective in enhancing sexual and reproductive health in the society. (Merrick, 2002, p. 12-95) Current impact Analysis of the current impact shows that through this approach shows that it is commendable. It is clear that among the low income people in United Sates, seventy five percent are knowledgeable on sexual and reproductive health issues. This includes adolescents who are highly vulnerable. This program has highly increased the rates of safe deliveries among low income women in United States by thirty percent. The number of men who are knowledgeable about sexual and reproductive health has increased by forty five percent. This is quite impressive considering that a large percentage of low income men are less knowledgeable on sexual and reproductive matters. These are statistics that were collected by February 2009. Difficulties encountered and how they were dealt with At the onset of the program, there were various difficulties that were encountered. One of the difficulties that were encountered in this program was identifying the institutions that would be used to implement the program. This was solved by checking out on the institutions that are mostly located in areas where there are low income people in the society. Another difficulty that was encountered included the lack of staffs to help in implementing the program. (Merrick, 2002, p. 12-95) This was solved by recruiting and training more healthcare staffs to handle the act ivities relevant to this program. Initially, it was quite difficult to find the low income people. This was also dealt with by co-operating with the local authorities at the grassroots level. They were able to identify the low income people in every state and their names were forwarded. Some of them are single parents, street children and quite a large percentage of adolescents who come from low income families. (Smeeding, 2005, p. 955-983) Current challenges There are also current challenges that are currently being witnessed in this approach used to handle sexual and reproductive health. One of the major challenge to this approach concerns funds. With the global economic crunch, government funds allocated to this program have greatly reduced. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual and reproductive health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has made it quite challenging to reach out to so many low income peo ple in the society. Another challenge that relates to this program concerns the number of low income people in the society. The global economic crunch resulted in very many people losing jobs that were really supportive. This means that the numbers of low income people continue to escalate day by day and alleviation of sexual and reproductive health problems continue to be a mirage. (Merrick, 2002, p. 12-95) Remedies It is important that the program managers seeks out for more funds from donors among other stakeholders in order to enhance the sustainability of the approach The government needs to put in place proper measures such as policies that can improve the economy and reduce the numbers of low income people who are vulnerable to sexual and reproductive health problems. (Smeeding, 2005, p. 955-983) Conclusion In conclusion, sexual and reproductive health is quite imperative in the society. The approach that was incorporated in United States entailed poverty reduction. This is c onsidering the fact that the low income people in the society are highly vulnerable to sexual and reproductive health problems. It entailed provision of sexual and reproductive health care and education to this group of people. This program has been highly beneficial in enhancing sexual and reproductive health education in United States. The overall conclusion is that the program has been successful. Bibliography Klein, Martin; ‘Poverty Alleviation through Sustainable Strategic Business Models’; pp. 295; 2008 Merrick Thomas. ‘Population and Poverty; New Views on an Old Controversy’; International Family Planning Perspectives; Volume 28; Number 1; 12-95, 2002Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Smeeding, Timothy. ‘Public policy; economic inequality and poverty’, The United States in comparative perspective; Social Science Quarterly; p., 955-983, 2005 This essay on Sexual and reproductive health was written and submitted by user Danika B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How To Pronounce Frohe Weihnachten in German

How To Pronounce 'Frohe Weihnachten' in German The most common way to wish someone a merry Christmas in German is to tell them, Frohe Weihnachten. Directly translated, that means merry Christmas.   The German language tends to follow its rules pretty well when it comes to pronouncing a word. Once you memorize the rules, itll be easy to know how to say something you read, even if its a new word.   Until then, here are some tips on how to properly wish someone a frohe Weihnachten in German. Pronunciation Tips Make sure to not pronounce the h in either word. The h is silent, if not a very subtle breath.  Make sure that the dipthong ch is gutteral. This is different than the English pronunciation of a ch. This is best to hear, rather than explain in words.   Each word has a separate audio link. Listen here: Frohe Weihnachten Other Holiday Greetings Here are other common greetings during the holiday season. Each word is linked with an audio guide on how to pronounce it.   Frà ¶hliche Weihnachten: Merry Christmas Frohes neues Jahr: Happy New Year Alles Gute zum neuen Jahr: All the best for the New Year Other Holiday Words and Phrases Here are some other useful holiday words and phrases, without the audio. Frà ¶hliches Hanukkah: Happy Hanukkah Die Grà ¼ÃƒÅ¸e der Jahreszeit: Seasons greetings Der Weihnachtsmann kommt: Santa Claus is coming Gluhwein: Mulled wine (popular in Germany over the holidays) Weihnachtsmarkt: Holiday/Christmas market (a popular tourist activity in Germany over the holidays) Der Engel: The angel Die Christbaumkugeln: Christmas ornaments Die Glocken: Bells Die Geschenke: Gifts

10 High-Paying Vocational Jobs to Consider

10 High-Paying Vocational Jobs to Consider Education is very important and is instrumental towards furthering your career. But that doesn’t mean you have to complete a traditional four-year degree to find job satisfaction and career success. Here are 10 of the highest paying vocational careers- most of which require only an associate’s degree, or some certification or degree from a technical school. If any of these sing to you, you might be able to bring home a good deal of bacon without having to go get an expensive and time-consuming bachelor’s degree. So think about looking outside the traditional box and expanding your earning potential- and getting a leg up on all of those Humanities majors who are working in retail and underemployed!1. Electrical RepairmanMaintain and repair electronics and electrical equipment in both household settings and at companies, and make a median annual salary of over $57k.2. Commercial PilotEver wonder what it’s like to fly planes? This job requires a bunch of hard work and training- FAA accredited flight school certification in addition to your associate’s- but the paycheck speaks for itself. The median annual salary is well over $57k, and you’ll see nothing but blue skies ahead! Fly passengers or cargo. Plus, the benefits are great!3. Nuclear Medicine TechnologistYou’ll need a specialized associate’s degree in nuclear medicine, but you can earn over $62k per year (median salary) working alongside radiologists or physicians.4. Fashion DesignerHave an eye for fashion? Talent with a sewing machine? Get your associate’s or some specialized training at a fashion school and you could net a median annual salary of over $62k.5. PlumberThis noble career is always in high demand. The median annual pay is around $50k, but top paid plumbers can make almost $90k. There’s also great growth in this field- about 12%.6. Dental HygienistYou need very little schooling to make an annual median salary of over $72k clean ing teeth, educating patients, and assisting dentists. And with a growth rate of 19%? No brainer.7. Registered NurseRegistered nurses are always in demand. With only an associate’s degree, you can help provide essential care for patients in any number of health care settings. And you can make median salary over $67k- but top earners can make over $101k.8. Nuclear TechnicianWith an associate’s degree in applied sciences, you can make up to $65,500 in median annual pay managing and operating equipment in the nuclear power field.9. Computer SpecialistGood with computers? Take your associate’s degree- or simply some specialized training at a technical school- and put your skills to work fixing and managing hardware, software, and other systems. The more skills you have, the more companies you’ll appeal to! And the median annual salary is over $68k.10. Web DeveloperIf you have, or think you might have, a knack for building websites- an eye for design and good skill with computer software- then you might do well as a web developer. Median pay is nearly $65k per year, but top pay can be over $116k. And the growth rate is an insane 27%.

How does the relationship between the three branches of government Essay

How does the relationship between the three branches of government influence the policy-making process - Essay Example Thus, this paper will explain how the relationship between the Executive, the Legislative and Judicial branches of government influence the policy-making process. The legislative branch has authorization from the state law and the state constitution to make local law. The legislators who make up the legislative are elected by the public in order to make policy decisions, as well as enact laws on their behalf. The executive develops the proposed policies, and its main duty is to implement the policy made by the legislators (Corwin, 1957). However, the executive members do not make policy decisions, but they have a strong influence on the process of policy making. The Judiciary, which consists of the Supreme Court, and lower courts is said to have the least policy making powers compared to the other two branches, but in U.S, it has equal power with the other two branches (Gewirtz, 1976). It ensures uniformity in the interpretation of national laws made by the legislative. Gewirtz (1976) argues that the Legislative (Congress), is the favored institution in the federal government for policy-making. However, to be sure of this policy, the other two branches also have legitimate policy making powers. For instance, the executive has constitutional functions and duties, which involve significant policy-making especially in foreign affairs, and initiates and vetoes legislation that influences the policy-making process. Thus, the executive together with other independent agencies are expected to make some policy in the process of administering the law. Although most of the cases decided by the federal courts only help in applying the existing law to certain cases, the Judiciary makes policy, as well, in applying statute, nurturing the national common law, as well as interpreting the constitution (Gewirtz, 1976). Therefore, all the three branches of government are

Poem analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Poem analysis - Essay Example to the ironic interpretation, the traveler’s choice could have been for nothing, which is evident by his â€Å"sigh† in line 16 that might have been a sign of regret for taking this road. These two points of view can be supported or argued against through other literary devices that are seen throughout the poem, such as imagery, symbols, tone, and many others. The first line of the poem â€Å"two roads diverged in a yellow wood† provides the greatest example of imagery, clearly showing that there was a fork in the path of a forest that was currently experiencing autumn. Calling the wood â€Å"yellow† would suggest that the leaves are in the process of changing colors. Furthermore, as the setting of the poem is a path in the woods, it is easy for the reader to conjure an image to match what they are reading; there is no limit of the imagination when it comes to thinking of a forest in autumn. Lines eleven and twelve also displayed imagery, giving an excellent view of what the two paths looked like in comparison to each other. The reader knows that the use of imagery is successful when they can easily bring up the image provided by the written word in their mind’s eye, just as Frost’s poem was able to accomplish. The setting of the poem also has to do with the symbolism. The two roads forming from one road in the woods symbolizes the choices that people must constantly make throughout their lives. The well-used road is the easy path that most people would rather take, while the less traveled road is the more complicated option that people prefer to avoid entirely. Frost makes a claim at the end of the poem, stating that â€Å"I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference†, which can symbolize the change in a person that decided for the more difficult, unpredictable path. Life is about the journey, and choosing the easy way out leaves no lasting impressions. The tone of the poem is that of wistfulness, as the author thinks back on the

Story about a Baseball Game Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

It had been an unbelievable season so far, we were going into the championship game of junior league with only two losses. Of course, the only other team with a better record than us was the black team. We gave them their only loss on the second game of the regular season. Now, after defeating the better of the Mosinee teams in the semi finals, my dad, who was also the coach of our blue team, had stopped to watch the rest of the game between black and red. As we pulled into the parking lot, Andy Dunst ran up to our truck and said, â€Å"Black is losing in the sixth!† â€Å"Really?† I asked. â€Å"Yah, they’re down 9-6.† As we watched the rest of the game, black just couldn’t seem to get anything going, and the players on our team that were there watching were getting more and more excited. Finally, that last out was made, and we felt that the championship was a lock with our best pitcher going for the championship. All week, I was excited for the game, and finally it was the big day. As we were going through our warm-up routine, everybody was loose and confident. We were fooling around just like it was another game. Players were making jokes, throws were all over the place like always and it seemed like we had been there a thousand times†¦ until the game started. Josh Heinrick was on the mound in the first inning, and red was able to string a couple of hits together and score a couple of runs. â€Å"Lets go guys, it’s still early and we can make up those runs,† encouraged my dad. So, we went up to the plate, I was batting sixth, and went down in order. The team morale had gone from high and confident to rather low and worried. The game dragged on into the fifth inning and we were still behind by three. Now it was time to bear d... ...ssed it! Our team was going crazy. The outfielder was able to throw out the runner going to second and end the inning, but we had the lead going into the top of the final inning. All right, guys, let’s hold them, and we have this one. We control the game now, and it’s ours to lose,† encouraged my dad. Red was down, and they didn’t have anything in the seventh. They went down one, two, three. Our team all ran to the pitcher’s mound and celebrated. It was the best feeling I had ever experienced from baseball. The energy was awesome after the comeback win, and you could tell that red didn’t know what happened. They had us down and out in the second to last inning, but they couldn’t hold on. As they announced our names to get the trophies, we could hardly stand still. As I waited, I was thinking, I will never forget how it felt to win my first championship.

Material Balances for Carbon

Many of the earth's natural processes are cyclic. The circulation of water between oceans, atmosphere and continents is a familiar example. Another is the transformation and movement of carbon-containing compounds for which the immediately obvious elements are the photosynthetic generation by plants of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and the consumption of carbohydrates by herbivores who regenerate carbon dioxide through respiration. (As we shall see shortly, the complete carbon cycle involves a number of additional processes.)Such cycles are termed â€Å"biogeochemical cycles. † The term is most commonly used to refer to global cycles of the â€Å"life elements† C, O, N, S, and P, but its use is extended as well to regional cycles and to other elements or components. The study of biogeochemical cycles then is the study of the transformation and transport of substances in the Earth's systems. In most cases the cycles link biotic (living) subsystems to abiotic (non-liv ing) ones. Of particular current interest is the effect of human-caused disturbances on the natural cycles.A major disturbance in the carbon cycle, for example, is the continuous injection of carbon (mainly as carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels. How much of this injected carbon ends up in the atmosphere? How much in the oceans? . . . in the land vegetation? What effect does the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have on the global climate? Insights to the answers to these and related questions can be gained through the use of mathematical models constructed by applying material and energy balance principles.Here the carbon cycle serves as an illustrative example, though much of the discussion is couched in terms that apply generally. The objective is to develop a simple mathematical model that will demonstrate the use of material and energy balances for studying the Earth’s natural processes. A schematic representation The transport o f substances in biogeochemical systems is commonly depicted graphically by means of flowsheets or flowcharts, which are composed of boxes (or compartments, or reservoirs) connected by arrow-directed lines.As such, the depiction resembles the flowsheet for a chemical plant or process where boxes represent various 1  units (reactors, heat exchangers, etc. ) and the lines represent material flows. Indeed the analogy extends to methods of analysis, as we shall see in later sections, based on material and/or energy balances. Flowcharts for biogeochemical systems differ from those generally used for chemical processes in that a single chart for the former usually is used to track the flow of just one substance (ordinarily an element such as carbon) — but it need not be so. The number of boxes in a schematic representation is indicative of the level of detail to which an analysis will be subjected or for which information (data) is available.The least detailed for global carbon, f or example, consists of only three compartments — for land, oceans and atmosphere — of the type shown in Figure 1. Commonly in such representations, the amounts, or inventory, of the substance of interest (represented by M's in Figure 1) in each compartment have units of mass or moles. The exchange rates or flows (usually termed â€Å"fluxes† in the ecosystem literature, represented by F's in Figure 1) have units of mass or moles per unit of time. Figure 1. Three-compartment representation of a biogeochemical cycle.M's  represent the inventory (mass or moles), and F's are flows or fluxes (mass or moles per unit time). atmosphere, Ma Foa Fao oceans, Mo Fta Fat land, Mt (terrestrial system) A quantitative description would give numerical values of the inventories and fluxes — or better yet, would give expressions for the F's in terms of the M's. Figure 2 presents a similar flowchart with a slightly higher level of detail. This representation recognizes th at there may be a significant difference between concentrations near the ocean surface and those in the deeper ocean layers.We will use this representation later for studying a model of the carbon cycle. 2 atmosphere, Ma Fsa Figure 2. Four-compartment representation of a biogeochemical cycle. Fas surface ocean layer, Ms Fds Fta Fat land, Mt (terrestrial system) Fsd deep ocean layers, Md A further level of detail might add boxes to represent land and ocean biota, but we will not add that complexity for our purposes here. Mathematical models Mathematical models of biogeochemical cycles can take on various forms depending on the level of detail sought or necessary and/or on the type of supporting or verifying information or data available.In general, models attempt to relate the rates of transport, transformation and input of substances to their masses and changes by way of equations based on material and/or energy conservation principles. The description in the preceding section sugge sts so-called â€Å"lumped† models; that is, models in which the spatial position is not a continuous variable. Indeed it may not even appear in the model equations. It is, in fact, considered to be piecewise constant. Thus the vertical position in the ocean was separated into two parts, surface layer and deep layers.For such lumped models, the mathematical description is in the form of ordinary differential equations for the unsteady states and of algebraic or transcendental equations for the steady state. So-called â€Å"distributed† models, which consider the spatial position to be a continuous variable, lead to partial differential equations for the unsteady and ordinary differential equations for the steady state. By far the most common models employed for biogeochemical cycles are of the lumped variety, and the remainder of this module will be devoted to them. One should think of lumped models as representing overall (perhaps 3 global) averages.With sufficient de tail (large number of boxes) they may be useful for accurate quantitative purposes; with little detail, they may be used to obtain rough estimates, to study qualitative trends, and to gain insights into the effects of changes. Lumped models are sometimes referred to as â€Å"black box† models — so called because they consider only the inputs and outputs of the boxes and their interior masses. They do not explore the interior details of the boxes — such as the predator-prey interactions that influence the population dynamics within the biota, or the complex ocean chemistry that affects the air-ocean exchange of material.In the same way, most flowsheet representations and calculations for chemical plants treat process units as black boxes. Material and energy balances relate known and unknown stream quantities. The detail within a box, such as the tray-to-tray compositions and temperatures of a distillation column are not directly involved in the usual flowsheet c alculation, but obviously are involved in determining the output streams, or in relating them to other streams, at a finer level of detail Calculations for a model of the carbon cycleHere we will use a schematic diagram similar to that in Figure 2 to construct a mathematical model for the carbon cycle. Our purpose is to estimate the effect of fossil fuel burning on the level of carbon in the atmosphere — important information for the assessment of the greenhouse effect. Figure 2 is reconstructed below to include the input of carbon from fossil fuels. atmosphere, Ma Fsa Figure 3. A simplified representation of the carbon cycle, including an input from fossil fuel burning. Fas surface ocean layer, Ms Fds Fat land, Mt (terrestrial system) Fsd deep ocean layers, Md  4 Fta Ff fossil fuelsThe following equations relate the flow rates (fluxes) in the diagram to the masses of carbon in the boxes in the form employed in references [1] and [2]. The numerical values of the coefficient s were derived from data presented in those references. Ffa is an input disturbance, yet to be specified. In these equations, the masses (the M’s) are in units of petagrams, and the fluxes (the F’s) are in units of petagrams per year. (One petagram is 15 10 grams. ) Fas = (0. 143) Ma (1) Fsa = (10 ( 2) ?25 )M 9. 0 s Fat = (16. 2) Ma0. 2 (3) Fta = (0. 0200 ) Mt ( 4)  Fds = (0. 00129) Md (5) Fsd = ( 0. 450) Ms ( 6)Notice that Equations 2 and 3 are nonlinear relationships between fluxes and masses. To appreciate the reason for this, say in Equation 2, bear in mind that the fluxes and masses are measures of the element C, which actually exists in various compound forms, with equilibrium likely established among them, in the ocean waters. Yet it is only carbon dioxide that enters the atmosphere from the ocean layers in any appreciable quantity. Therefore, the relationship between carbon dioxide and the total carbon in the ocean layers is complicated.The nonlinear relation ship in Equation 3 is explained by the fact that this rate of transfer, nearly all in the form of carbon dioxide, is governed mainly by the rate of photosynthesis by plants — a rate usually not limited by carbon dioxide supply from the air but rather by the photochemical and biochemical reactions at play. Material balances Material balances on carbon (i. e. , atomic balances) may be written for each of the boxes in Figure 3. As an example, with the information in Equations 1-6 incorporated, the unsteady balance on the â€Å"atmosphere† box is given by 5 dMa 0. 2  = (10 ?25 ) Ms9. 0 + (0. 0200) Mt ? (0. 143) Ma ? (16. 2 ) Ma + Ff dt ( 7)Similar balances must be added for the other three compartments, and initial values for the four M’s must be given to complete the mathematical model. The input from fossil fuel consumption, the disturbance function Ff, may be a constant or a function of time. Its current value is about 5 petagrams of carbon per year. Over some periods of time its value increased at the rate of about 4% per year. Inasmuch as the Earth’s total reservoir of fossil fuels is estimated to be 10,000 petagrams, of which only half may be  recoverable for use, the current use rate, much less any significant increase, is not sustainable indefinitely.However, in the much shorter run, the concern is not about the availability of fossil fuels, but about how their use may be affecting the global climate. Steady states . The steady-state model is derived simply by setting the time derivatives in the transient equations to zero. Further, we can deduce from physical considerations that no steady state is possible unless Ff is zero. (Notice that the steadystate equations are nonlinear in the M's owing to the exponents on Ms and Ma.Consequently, a numerical search procedure must be used to obtain solutions to Problem 1 below. ) Problem 1 Incorporating the information in Equations 1-6, write the steady-state carbon balance for each o f the four â€Å"boxes† in Figure 3, taking Ff to be zero. Can you solve these equations for the numerical values of the four M’s? (Note that the equations are not linearly independent; one is redundant. ) (a) Take the total M (i. e. , the sum of the four M’s) to be 39,700 petagrams (the actual current estimate of the total carbon in the four compartments) and solve for the M’s.Note that your solution would be the ultimate steady-state distribution of carbon if the usage of fossil fuels were discontinued now — that is if Ff were immediately decreased from 5 petagrams per year to zero. (b) Instead of assuming an immediate reduction in Ff to zero, suppose that the usage of fossil fuels is reduced gradually in such manner that the carbon entering the atmosphere from this source decreases linearly with 6 time from 5 petagrams per year to zero over the next 100 years.Calculate the total amount (in petagrams) of carbon released by fossil fuel use over th at 100-year period, and determine the new set of M's at steady state. What fraction of the added carbon will ultimately (steadily) reside in the atmosphere? Unsteady (Transient) States. While information about steady states is of interest and importance, the more relevant questions can only be answered by examining the transient or unsteady state. How long does it take to approach a steady state? What levels of carbon are reached in the atmosphere along the way to an eventual steady state?What is the effect of increasing or decreasing the rate of consumption of fossil fuels? Consider the first question. According to the numerical values given above for fluxes and reservoir levels of carbon, the effective time constants for the reservoirs vary from a few years for the atmosphere to hundreds or thousands of years for the deep ocean layers. Therefore, a large input into the atmosphere may eventually decay to only a modest permanent (steady-state) increase owing to the fact that the lar ge capacity of the oceans will eventually absorb most of it — but the effects on the atmosphere may be felt for a century or more.The point was made above that the steady-state equations, being nonlinear, cannot be solved analytically. The same is true for the unsteady state. Therefore, the following problem requires a numerical procedure for solving the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Problem 2 . Equation 7 gives the material balance for carbon in the atmosphere. Complete the mathematical description of the unsteady state by writing similar balances on the remaining three compartments shown in Figure 3.Take the initial (current) levels of carbon in the four reservoirs to be 700, 3000, 1000, 35000 for the atmosphere, terrestrial, surface ocean, and deep ocean reservoirs, respectively — all in petagrams. (a) Assuming that the carbon input from fossil fuel use remains constant at its present level of 5 petagrams per year, generate a numerical solutio n giving the amount of carbon in each reservoir versus time over a 100-year period. (Show your results in graphical form. ) (b) As in part (b) of Problem 1, let Ff decrease linearly with time from 5 petagrams per year to zero over 100 years.Again generate solutions and present curves showing the 7 reservoir levels of carbon versus time up to 100 years. What fraction of the total carbon entering the atmosphere from fossil fuel use is present in the atmosphere at the end of the 100-year period? Compare that fraction to your answer for part (b) of Problem 1. Comments? A Glance at the Global Warming Problem You might ask why should we be concerned about changes in atmospheric carbon levels. After all, the levels are very low. Further, we should expect some natural level of CO2 in the atmosphere owing simply to that generated by the respiration of plants and animals.In fact, that natural level is estimated to be about 280 ppmv — a pre-industrial level that probably existed steadil y for centuries before the industrial revolution. The answer to such questions is not simple, but the major concern nowadays is the possible upsetting of the Earth's energy balance leading to an increase in the average global temperature. We will not attempt an exhaustive treatment of this subject here, but since it connects directly to the preceding discussion of the carbon cycle, it warrants a quick glance at least. The following equation gives the simplest form of the Earth's energy balance.S(1 ? f ) r = 2 4 2 T (4 r ) (8) where S is the solar constant — i. e. , the amount of incident solar radiation per unit projected area of the Earth, f is the albedo or reflectivity of the Earth, r is the Earth's radius ? is the effective emissivity of the Earth for infrared radiation to outer space, ? is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant T is the absolute temperature — indicative of the global average temperature. The radius, r, cancels from Equation 8. The following list gives valu es for the other quantities in Equation 8. 2 S = 1367 watts/m f = 0. 31 ? = 0. 615 -8 2 4 ? = 5.5597 x 10 watts/(m oK ) 8Equation 8 is a steady-state balance equating the solar energy reaching the Earth's surface (on the left side) to the energy lost by infrared radiation to outer space (on the right side). Atmospheric gases affect the reflectivity, f, and the effective emissivity, ?. In particular, so-called greenhouse gases decrease ? by absorbing, or â€Å"trapping†, some of the infrared radiation, thereby reducing the amount of energy that can escape from the Earth. If all other factors are constant, a lower value of ? will result in a higher value of T from Equation 8.Other factors come into the picture, however, and lead to uncertainty about the extent of global warming that may occur due to increases in CO2 and other greenhouse gases. For example, an increase in the average temperature would probably lead to an increase in aerosols and cloudiness, which will act to inc rease f and offset the effect of a decrease in ?. We probably error on the pessimistic side (i. e. , predicting a temperature change that is too large) if we assume, as we shall here, that an increasing CO2 level works only to decrease ?. The following equation gives a reasonable estimate for that variation. = 0. 642- (8.  45 x 10-5) pco 2 (9) where pCO2 is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in parts per million by volume (ppmv).Problem 3 For this problem you will need to calculate the concentration of CO2 in ppmv from the total mass of atmospheric carbon. For that calculation, take 18 the total mass of the atmosphere to be 5. 25 x 10 kg. In all cases use the initial values for the M's given in Problem 2. (a) Using your result from Problem 1(b) along with Equations 8 and 9, calculate the predicted eventual increase in the global temperature attributable to the carbon added to the atmosphere over a 100-year period.(b) Repeat Problems 2(a) and 2(b), this time incl uding a graph of the global temperature change versus years as predicted from Equations 8 and 9. Comment about the resulting temperature following from Problem 2(b) vis-a`-vis that following from Problem 1(b). 9 Problem solutions Solutions to the three problems presented in these notes are available to course instructors as Mathcad (Macintosh) files or as copies of those files in pdf format. Copies may be obtained by e-mail request to schmitz. [email  protected] edu.

Book Review The Odyssey - 1703 Words

Ri’enna Boyd Honors 10 Summer Homework Journal 1: Prompt B If I were to describe Telemachos to a friend, I would have plenty to say about him. In the novel, The Odyssey, Telemachos is the son of Odysseus. He is a young adult, and curious of the whereabouts of his father. Telemachos also has a large amount of courage in the book. Before the help of Athena, he was not much of a man and had little confidence. When it was needed, Athena gave him the gift of courage. A few situations where he showed his courage were in chapter two. The first was when the council met in the Market- Place. This was the first meeting without his father, and this is when Telemachos tells the men of Ithica that he â€Å"is going to Sparta and sandy Pylos, to find out about [his] father and why he is so long away† (27). He decided to leave Ithica by ship, without informing his mother, to find information about Odysseus. Also at the meeting he announces his feelings of his father’s return. Telemachos believes, â€Å"he is already near, planting the seed of death and destruction for all of these men† (26). Ironically, this is exactly what Odysseus was doing. He may not have been getting to Ithica soon, but he definitely was planning the death of the men in his home. This was also courageous as Telemachos did not know how the men would react upon his opinion. Additionally, through the chapters of three and four, he shows his courage by asking kings about where his father might possibly be. In conclusion, if I wereShow MoreRelatedBook Review : Odyssey 2531 Words   |  11 PagesAlexis Lauren Robinson December 03, 2014 Odyssey Sections Book Thirteen: 1-79: The section of this book in which Alcinous is stunned by how much Odysseus has suffered. Alcinous believes that he will sail home from Ithaca. 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Robert Fitzgerald (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux) 5) Homer, The Odyssey, trans. Robert Fitzgerald (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux) 6) Virgil, The Aeneid, trans. R. Fitzgerald (Vintage, 1990) Lectures: Tuesdays and Thursdays CLH L 11:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. Tutorial Sections: |Section |Time and LocationRead MoreHomer: Blind or Captive Essay513 Words   |  3 Pagesknow when he lived? All of these questions will be answered in the following paragraphs. Homer is an interesting man, not much is known about him, and what is known about him is questioned by the â€Å"Homeric Question,† he composed The Iliad and The Odyssey, and that is what his life is based off of. Homer means blind or captive. He was said to be born in 800 BCE, but their is no exact date but they know it is between the 12th and 8th century BCE. He is believed to be blind man, because of a characterRead More The Odyssey Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout vast journeys of many heroes, no other hero had a more complex journey than Odysseus. This journey is called The Odyssey, written by Homer. It is an epic poem or story told of a hero name Odysseus on a 20-year voyage trying to get back home from the Trojan War. The great epic poem known as The Odyssey and attributed to Homer was probably first written down around the eighth century BC, but the origins of the ancient story in myth, legend, and folklore and art appear to be much older.Read MoreHistory, Symbolism, and Characters in Homer’s The Odyssey 1118 Words   |  5 Pages In The Odyssey, it takes Odysseus twenty years to make it home from the Trojan War. On his journey home, he runs into many obstacles and creatures that he must overcome. He encounters the sirens, the Cyclops, and others. Each event in this epic poem has a symbolic meaning behind it. Homer writes about the history, symbolism, and the characters in The Odyssey. The Odyssey is about the Greek gods and heroes and their adventures (Makman). Odysseus is the main character, and he is going on a questRead More A Comparison of Homeric Formalism in The Iliad and The Odyssey1339 Words   |  6 PagesHomeric Formalism in The Iliad and The Odyssey Much that is terrible takes place in the Homeric poems, but it seldom takes place wordlessly... no speech is so filled with anger or scorn that the particles which express logical and grammatical connections are lacking or out of place. (from Odysseus Scar by Erich Auerbach)    In his immaculately detailed study comparing the narrative styles of Homer to those of the Bible, Erich Auerbach hits upon one of the most notable intriguesRead MoreAncient Greece : Book Review1583 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Greece Paired Book Review By Rohan Ahluwalia Core 2 What were the most memorable moments in the books for you? Why? The Odyssey and the Hatchet were both great books. The most memorable moment in the books were hard to choose as there were many interesting parts. In the book, The Odyssey, the most memorable moment for me was when the wife of Odysseus, Penelopeia, organizes an archery contest.The contest was to string the bow that belonged to Odysseus and fire it through the opening ofRead MoreThe Inacurate Representation of the Cyclops Essay examples1421 Words   |  6 Pagesthe middle of the forest or in the mountains; they possess no social manner or fear of gods. They work for Hephaestus in the heart of volcanic mountain Aetna. Society perceives Cyclopes as monsters because of the way they are portrayed in films and books. Hollywood depicts Cyclopes to be giant beasts incapable of love and emotion or have any social etiquette. Their only role in civilization is to be savages. In today’s media, every monster has evolved into a loveable character. Count Dracula in HotelRead MoreThe s Epic The Odyssey And The Movie O Brother, Where Art Thou?848 Words   |  4 PagesI have watched O’ Brother, Where Art Thou? hundreds of times before taking this class, but until now I had no idea that it was largely based on The Odyssey, by Homer. When I reviewed the movie I realized that it is almost a parallel to The Odyssey. To summarize the film O’ Brother, Where Art Thou?, Ulysseus Everett McGill, played by George Clooney, is doing time in Mississippi. He ends up scamming his way off the chain gang accompanied by Delmar, played by Tim Blake Nelson, and Pete, played by john